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| Results-based management ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Results-based management
Results-based management (RBM) is a management strategy which uses feedback loops to achieve strategic goals. All people and organisations (actors) who contribute directly or indirectly to the result, map out their business processes, products and services, showing how they contribute to the outcome. This outcome may be a physical output, a change, an impact or a contribution to a higher level goal. Information (evidence) of the actual results is used for accountability, reporting and to feedback into the design, resourcing and delivery of projects and operational activities.〔"Results-based management" United Nations Development Group, http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=224〕〔"Results-based Management Handbook", United Nations Development Group, http://www.undg.org/docs/12316/UNDG-RBM%20Handbook-2012.pdf〕
Results Based Management is an example of a strategic control mechanism. It has been shown to have strong similarities in its design and use to the third-generation balanced scorecard.
== Usage of RBM ==
The framework is largely used in government and charitable organisations, where purely financial measures are not the key drivers and there is no competition to benchmark against, such as the United Nations〔"Strategic Planning and Results-based Management", UNESCO, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/bureau-of-strategic-planning/themes/strategic-planning-and-results-based-management/〕 and the International Committee of the Red Cross.〔"Programme/project management: The results-based approach" ICRC, May 2008, http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/publications/icrc-001-0951.pdf〕 However, it has also started to be used in semi-commercial organisations such as the Asian Development Bank.〔"An Introduction to Results Management: Principles, Implications, and Applications", Asian Development Bank, http://www.adb.org/documents/introduction-results-management-principles-implications-and-applications〕 At the United Nations, an in-depth results-based approach to programme development and implementation across the majority of all agencies has been applied since 2000,〔See the UN General Assembly resolution that adoption the so-called results-based budgeting reform: RESULTS-BASED BUDGETING : RESOLUTION / ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY (A/RES/55/231) at http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/573/01/pdf/N0057301.pdf?OpenElement.〕 based on the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s reform programme of 1997.〔See Kofi Annan's reform proposal called RENEWING THE UNITED NATIONS : A PROGRAMME FOR REFORM : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/51?950) at http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N97/189/79/img/N9718979.pdf?OpenElement.〕 Results-based budgeting, which is the term for RBM throughout the UN Secretariat, was first applied in the planning of the biennium 2002-2003 and in all programming cycles thereafter.〔See a comprehensive review from 2006 of the UN's results-based budgeting reform by the UN's Joint Inspection Unit at https://www.unjiu.org/en/reports-notes/archive/JIU_REP_2006_6_English.pdf〕
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